電動截止閥密封原理大揭秘
- 發(fa)布時(shi)間(jian):2012-05-30 23:04
- 訪問量:
電動截止閥密封原理大揭秘
【概要(yao)描述】電動截止(zhi)閥密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)副的(de)(de)結構設計有(you)多種(zhong),其密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)原理(li)及密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)力(li)也(ye)各不相(xiang)同。平面(mian)(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)優點是(shi)接觸面(mian)(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)合時無摩(mo)擦(ca),因此對關閉(bi)件的(de)(de)導向要求(qiu)并不重要,對密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)材料抗擦(ca)傷(shang)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)也(ye)不嚴(yan)格。同時,由于管道應力(li)而使密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)圓(yuan)度受變形時,也(ye)不會影響密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性(xing)能(neng)。缺點是(shi)介質(zhi)中的(de)(de)固體顆粒和沉淀(dian)物(wu)易損傷(shang)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。基本也(ye)分為:平面(mian)(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)、錐面(mian)(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)、和徑同密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)。
- 發布時(shi)間:2012-05-30 23:04
- 訪(fang)問量(liang):
電動截止閥密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)副的結構設計(ji)有多種,其密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)原理及密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)力也各(ge)不相同。平面(mian)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的優點是接觸面(mian)密合時(shi)無摩(mo)擦(ca),因此(ci)對關閉件的導向要求并(bing)不重要,對密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)材料抗(kang)擦(ca)傷(shang)的要求也不嚴格。同時(shi),由于管(guan)道應(ying)力而使密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)圓(yuan)度受變(bian)形時(shi),也不會(hui)影響密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)的密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性能。缺點是介質中(zhong)的固(gu)體顆粒和沉淀(dian)物(wu)易(yi)損傷(shang)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)。基本也分為(wei):平面(mian)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、錐面(mian)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、和徑同密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。
其(qi)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)原(yuan)理是當介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)從閥(fa)瓣下(xia)方流入時(shi),所(suo)施加(jia)的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)力(li)必(bi)須(xu)等于(yu)或(huo)大于(yu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上所(suo)產生的必(bi)須(xu)比(bi)壓和(he)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)向上的作用(yong)(yong)力(li)之(zhi)和(he) 當介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)從閥(fa)瓣上方流入時(shi),所(suo)施加(jia)的密(mi)(mi)封(feng)力(li)就等于(yu)或(huo)大于(yu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上所(suo)產生的必(bi)須(xu)比(bi)壓力(li)和(he)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的作用(yong)(yong)力(li)之(zhi)差。
錐面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)是(shi)把(ba)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)做(zuo)成錐形(xing),使(shi)接觸面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)變(bian)窄。這(zhe)種密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)定的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)力(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)用下(xia),其密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)比(bi)壓(ya)大(da)大(da)增加(jia),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)達到密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)保證密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia),和(he)(he)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)相(xiang)比(bi),所施(shi)加(jia)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)力(li)(li)(li)較(jiao)小。由于(yu)狹(xia)窄的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)不易(yi)(yi)使(shi)閥(fa)瓣(ban)正確地落在(zai)(zai)(zai)閥(fa)座(zuo)上,為(wei)了達到最(zui)好的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性能,必(bi)須(xu)對閥(fa)瓣(ban)進(jin)(jin)行導(dao)向。閥(fa)瓣(ban)進(jin)(jin)行導(dao)向后(hou),就(jiu)可(ke)達到較(jiao)好的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性能。閥(fa)瓣(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)閥(fa)體中導(dao)向時(shi),閥(fa)瓣(ban)所受(shou)到流(liu)動介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)側向推力(li)(li)(li)由閥(fa)體承(cheng)受(shou),而(er)不是(shi)由閥(fa)桿來(lai)承(cheng)受(shou),這(zhe)就(jiu)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步增強(qiang)了密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性能和(he)(he)填料(liao)(liao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性。錐形(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)摩擦(ca)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)配合,所以密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)材料(liao)(liao)必(bi)須(xu)能耐擦(ca)傷(shang)。錐面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)和(he)(he)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)相(xiang)比(bi),受(shou)固體顆(ke)粒(li)(li)和(he)(he)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沉(chen)淀(dian)物(wu)的(de)(de)損(sun)傷(shang)相(xiang)對少一(yi)些,但也(ye)不宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)含有固體顆(ke)粒(li)(li)和(he)(he)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沉(chen)淀(dian)物(wu)的(de)(de)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中使(shi)用。這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)主要用于(yu)沒有顆(ke)粒(li)(li)的(de)(de)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。其密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)原理是(shi)當(dang)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從閥(fa)瓣(ban)下(xia)方(fang)流(liu)入(ru)時(shi),所施(shi)加(jia)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)力(li)(li)(li)必(bi)須(xu)等于(yu)或略大(da)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上所產生的(de)(de)必(bi)須(xu)比(bi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)向上的(de)(de)作(zuo)用力(li)(li)(li)之和(he)(he) 當(dang)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從閥(fa)瓣(ban)上方(fang)流(liu)入(ru)時(shi),所施(shi)加(jia)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)力(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)等于(yu)或大(da)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上所產生的(de)(de)必(bi)須(xu)比(bi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用力(li)(li)(li)之差。
為(wei)了(le)改(gai)善錐(zhui)形密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)(du)而(er)又(you)不至犧(xi)牲其密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)應力(li),把密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)錐(zhui)半角做成15°,這就提供了(le)較寬的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),使電動截止(zhi)閥閥瓣能更(geng)容(rong)易(yi)地與閥座(zuo)(zuo)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。為(wei)了(le)達(da)到(dao)(dao)較高的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)應力(li),閥座(zuo)(zuo)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)開始與閥瓣接(jie)觸部(bu)分較窄,約3mm,其余留有的(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)度(du)(du)(du)部(bu)分可(ke)稍(shao)長(chang)些。當密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)負(fu)荷增(zeng)大時,閥瓣滑入閥座(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)程度(du)(du)(du)加深,因而(er)增(zeng)加了(le)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)寬度(du)(du)(du)。這種密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)設計不像窄密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)那樣容(rong)易(yi)受沖蝕損壞。此外,由于錐(zhui)形面(mian)(mian)較長(chang),使閥門(men)的(de)(de)(de)節流(liu)特性得到(dao)(dao)改(gai)善。
球(qiu)面(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)封是(shi)把(ba)閥瓣(ban)(ban)做成球(qiu)形(xing),閥座(zuo)做成錐形(xing)。閥瓣(ban)(ban)的(de)球(qiu)體(ti)(ti)在閥桿的(de)孔內能自由(you)轉動(dong)(dong)。因(yin)此閥瓣(ban)(ban)能在閥座(zuo)上(shang)作一定范圍的(de)轉動(dong)(dong)而進行調整。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)兩密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)的(de)接觸幾乎成一線,即線密(mi)(mi)封,故密(mi)(mi)封應(ying)力(li)很(hen)(hen)高(gao),容(rong)易(yi)密(mi)(mi)封。又由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)閥瓣(ban)(ban)球(qiu)體(ti)(ti)可(ke)使用(yong)硬(ying)質(zhi)(zhi)合金或(huo)(huo)(huo)陶瓷材料(liao),硬(ying)度(du)可(ke)達到(dao)40-60HRC,而且能耐很(hen)(hen)高(gao)的(de)溫度(du)。因(yin)此可(ke)以作高(gao)溫電動(dong)(dong)截止(zhi)閥。缺點是(shi)密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)線形(xing)接觸容(rong)易(yi)受沖蝕而損壞。所以閥座(zuo)應(ying)選擇耐沖蝕的(de)材料(liao)。電動(dong)(dong)截止(zhi)閥可(ke)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)介質(zhi)(zhi)中帶有微(wei)小(xiao)固體(ti)(ti)顆粒(li)的(de)氣體(ti)(ti)或(huo)(huo)(huo)液體(ti)(ti)。其(qi)密(mi)(mi)封原(yuan)理是(shi)當介質(zhi)(zhi)從(cong)閥瓣(ban)(ban)下方流(liu)人時(shi),所施加的(de)密(mi)(mi)封力(li)必(bi)須等于(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)略大于(yu)(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)上(shang)所產生的(de)必(bi)須比壓力(li)和介質(zhi)(zhi)向上(shang)的(de)作用(yong)力(li)之和。當介質(zhi)(zhi)從(cong)閥瓣(ban)(ban)上(shang)方流(liu)入(ru)時(shi),所施加的(de)密(mi)(mi)封力(li)必(bi)須等于(yu)(yu)(yu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)略大于(yu)(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)(mian)上(shang)所產生的(de)必(bi)須比壓力(li)和介質(zhi)(zhi)向下的(de)作用(yong)力(li)之差。
徑向密(mi)封是(shi)指(zhi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞式電(dian)動截止閥(fa)的(de)密(mi)封,其密(mi)封原理(li)是(shi),在柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞閥(fa)中,其閥(fa)瓣(ban)和(he)閥(fa)座是(shi)按柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞的(de)原理(li)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)。把閥(fa)瓣(ban)設計(ji)(ji)成(cheng)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞,閥(fa)座設計(ji)(ji)成(cheng)套(tao)環(huan)(huan),套(tao)環(huan)(huan)的(de)材(cai)料可以使用柔性石(shi)墨或聚四氟乙(yi)烯(xi),閥(fa)座由上套(tao)環(huan)(huan)、隔離環(huan)(huan)和(he)下套(tao)環(huan)(huan)組(zu)成(cheng),用閥(fa)蓋壓緊(jin)(jin)。靠柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞和(he)套(tao)環(huan)(huan)之間的(de)緊(jin)(jin)密(mi)配合來實現。
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